Printed circuit boards for consumer electronics are like a city skyline. With limited real estate to build across a neighborhood block, developers build up, story-upon-story. Memory chips and logic ...

Most every device and electronic piece of equipment is outfitted with a printed circuit board (PCB), including smartphones, TVs, appliances, and more. You know the composite. The boards are laminated ...

Tossed circuit boards are about 20% copper, a much larger fraction than the roughly half a percent in copper ore mined from the ground. That percentage, plus the growing mounds of global electronic ...